Ranunculus repens - Creeping Buttercup. Method of removal, as for any unwanted plants, is to pull or dig them out. Notice it is growing in an area where the grass is sparse. Weeds such as this take advantage of clear soil so, improve the grass cover and the weeds will decline. The little plant top right looks like Cardamine hirsutum, another common weed and one which spreads fast by seed.

bumping to see if anyone has any ideas

I'd say one of the dandelion look-alikes........perhaps Sonchus or Lactuca

You have to cook nettles. Their hairs are very irritating so must be cooked away. Even harvesting them or lightly brushing against them can cause a big problem, especially with some folks with super sensitive skin. Interesting side note, the inner pith of the nettle plant can be woven into fibers that are as fine as silk. In the old fairy tale about the princess with the six enchanted swan brothers, she is instructed by her fairy godmother to weave her brothers magic shirts from gathered nettle fibers to break the spell they are under and transform them back into princes. She must stay silent until the whole task is finished. The detail that is often left out of the "grim" story is that weaving nettle fibers could be a painful and time consuming task to do and stay silent the whole time. A real labor of love. Often other plants are substituted, but it's the wild nettle that makes sense in the story. And yet another side note, that's why you have to cook them, to get rid of the hairs and soften the fibers. To weave with them, you dry the plant and pound away the outer part of the plant, exposing the inner fibers.